Introduite officiellement au Tchad, en 1928, le coton est une culture de
rente dont l’exploitation repose essentiellement sur une imposition, aux
populations indigènes, des techniques et d’encadrements nouveaux venus de
l’extérieur. Au Moyen-Chari et au Mandoul, elle n’a laissé aucune marge de
manœuvre aux paysans et suscite une attitude moins coopérative de ces derniers avec les techniciens envoyés sur le terrain. L’objectif recherché dans cet article est de connaitre les conséquences d’une telle approche d’encadrement et éventuellement la réaction paysanne. Mais pour comprendre tout cela, nous avons utilisé deux sources fondamentales : les documents scripturaux (ouvrages, thèses, mémoires, des articles, des communications scientifiques et sources d’archivistiques) et les sources orales. Ensuite, nous avons aussi fait recours à l’observation participante en utilisant simultanément l’analyse rationnelle et empirique. La confrontation, le recoupement et l’interprétation critique des données de ses sources, nous ont conduits aux résultats suivants : Tous ces documents consultés, nous ont renseignés sur les débats scientifiques autour de l’itinéraire technique de
la culture du coton et l’encadrement forcé qui lui est associé et dont les
conséquences visibles sont les difficultés à adopter les innovations dans les
campagnes. Pour ce qui est des sources orales, elles nous ont permis d’avoir le point de vue des cotonculteurs sur la question. Quant à l’observation participante, elle nous a permis d’analyser les sources récoltées par l’usage d’une pensée déductive par une vérification des faits sur le terrain d’étude. Dans ce travail, l’année 1928 indique la date de démarrage de la culture du coton au Tchad et 2011 celle de la dissolution de la COTONTCHAD qui avait remplacé la COTONFRAN en 1971.
L’encadrement technique extérieur au MoyenChari et du Mandoul : évolution et conséquences de 1928-2011
Auteur(s)
MD
MOYANGAR Djimadoumadji
Département d'Histoire, Faculté des Lettres, Arts et Sciences Humaines, Université de N’Gaoundéré - Cameroun
Résumé
Abstract
Introduced officially in Chad, in 1928, cotton is a culture of revenue whose
exploitation rests primarily on an imposition, with the indigenous populations,
techniques and new framings come from outside. With the Means-Chari and
Mandoul, it did not leave any room for cotton growers to the peasants and generates a less co-operative attitude of the latter with the technicians sent on the ground. The objective sought in this article is to know the consequences of such an approach of framing and possibly the country reaction. But to include/understand all that, we used two fundamental sources: scriptural documents (works, theses, memories, of the
articles, the scientific papers and archival sources) and oral sources. Then, we also made recourse to the participating observation by using the rational and empirical analysis simultaneously. Confrontation, the stepping and the critical interpretation of the data of its sources, led us to the following results: All these consulted documents, informed us about the scientific debates around the farming technique route of cotton and the forced framing which is associated for him and whose visible consequences are the difficulties of adopting the innovations in the campaigns. As regards the oral sources, they enabled us to have the point of view of the cotton growers on the question. As for the participating observation, it enabled us to analyze the sources collected by the use of a deductive thought by a checking of the facts on the ground of study. In this work, the year 1928 indicates the date of starting of the culture of cotton to Chad and 2011 that of the dissolution of the COTONTCHAD which had replaced the COTONFRAN in 1971.
Key words: Cotton, framing, peasants, consequences, constraints, mentality.
exploitation rests primarily on an imposition, with the indigenous populations,
techniques and new framings come from outside. With the Means-Chari and
Mandoul, it did not leave any room for cotton growers to the peasants and generates a less co-operative attitude of the latter with the technicians sent on the ground. The objective sought in this article is to know the consequences of such an approach of framing and possibly the country reaction. But to include/understand all that, we used two fundamental sources: scriptural documents (works, theses, memories, of the
articles, the scientific papers and archival sources) and oral sources. Then, we also made recourse to the participating observation by using the rational and empirical analysis simultaneously. Confrontation, the stepping and the critical interpretation of the data of its sources, led us to the following results: All these consulted documents, informed us about the scientific debates around the farming technique route of cotton and the forced framing which is associated for him and whose visible consequences are the difficulties of adopting the innovations in the campaigns. As regards the oral sources, they enabled us to have the point of view of the cotton growers on the question. As for the participating observation, it enabled us to analyze the sources collected by the use of a deductive thought by a checking of the facts on the ground of study. In this work, the year 1928 indicates the date of starting of the culture of cotton to Chad and 2011 that of the dissolution of the COTONTCHAD which had replaced the COTONFRAN in 1971.
Key words: Cotton, framing, peasants, consequences, constraints, mentality.
Mots-clés
Pour citer cet article
DJIMADOUMADJI MOYANGAR (2019). "L’encadrement technique extérieur au MoyenChari et du Mandoul : évolution et conséquences de 1928-2011". AFLASH, Vol(5)1, pp. 183-204.